What is the Earth made of?
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The Earth is composed of several layers: a solid inner core of iron and nickel, a liquid outer core, a thick rocky mantle, and a thin rocky crust. The inner core reaches temperatures of 5,400°C. The mantle, making up 84% of Earth's volume, consists of hot semi-solid rock that slowly flows. The crust varies from 5-70 km thick, with continental crust being thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. Above the crust lies the hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers) and the atmosphere, which together support life.